Youth, social media, and protest vote

an exploratory analysis of electoral trends in the 2024 elections in Mozambique

Authors

  • Júnior Rafael Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
  • Celestino Vaz Tomás Joanguete Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14244/agenda.2025.1.1

Keywords:

Mozambique, Elections, Youth, Social Media, Protest Vote

Abstract

This article analyzes protest voting among Mozambican youth in the 2024 general elections, with particular attention to the role of social media as mediators of political engagement. The research is based on the hypothesis that accumulated frustration with the historical parties — FRELIMO and RENAMO — intensified a pattern of electoral negation, channeled toward “outsider” candidates and digitally amplified. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed strategy: a focused literature review and a non-probabilistic online survey conducted between July 15 and August 30, 2024, with 526 participants. The structured questionnaire included nine closed-ended and two open-ended questions, analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results, which are not generalizable, show strong rejection of traditional parties (56.9% would not vote for FRELIMO; 25.1% reject RENAMO), a high preference for Venâncio Mondlane (85.3%), and the centrality of social media as a source of political information (57.7%). The study concludes that, among urban and connected youth, the 2024 elections reveal the consolidation of a digital electorate that uses voting as an instrument of protest and reconfigures political participation in the country.

Author Biographies

Júnior Rafael, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)

Master's student in Communication (UFSM), Graduate in Digital Marketing (Estácio), and postgraduate in Cognitive Neuroscience, Family Constellation, and Team Management (FAMART).

Celestino Vaz Tomás Joanguete, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

Professor e pesquisador da Escola de Comunicação e Artes da UEM, Moçambique. Doutor em Comunicação, pós-doutor em Educação Ambiental. Professor Visitante no POSCOM na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM).

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Published

2026-04-06

How to Cite

RAFAEL, Júnior; JOANGUETE, Celestino Vaz Tomás. Youth, social media, and protest vote: an exploratory analysis of electoral trends in the 2024 elections in Mozambique. Revista Agenda Política, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 9–23, 2026. DOI: 10.14244/agenda.2025.1.1. Disponível em: https://www.agendapolitica.ufscar.br/index.php/agendapolitica/article/view/1196. Acesso em: 7 apr. 2026.

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